Is vs Are: Understanding the Difference and Correct Usage in Sentences

The words “is” and “are” are both forms of the verb “to be”, but they are used in different situations depending on the subject of the sentence. While both help connect the subject to the rest of the sentence, understanding when to use “is” vs. “are” is essential for proper grammar and clear communication.

In this guide, we’ll explain the difference between “is” and “are”, provide examples, and help you understand how to use them correctly in different contexts.

What Is the Difference Between “Is” and “Are”?

Both “is” and “are” are used as linking verbs to connect the subject of a sentence to a noun, pronoun, or adjective that describes or identifies it. The main difference lies in the subject of the sentence.

• “Is” is used with singular subjects (i.e., one person, thing, or concept).
• “Are” is used with plural subjects (i.e., more than one person, thing, or concept).

Here’s a basic breakdown:

• “Is” (singular): Used with a single subject.
  • Example: She is going to the store.
  • Example: The cat is on the couch.
• “Are” (plural): Used with more than one subject.
  • Example: They are going to the store.
  • Example: The cats are on the couch.

When to Use “Is”

You use “is” when your subject is singular, whether it’s a person, thing, or concept. The subject may be a singular noun or a singular pronoun.

1. With Singular Nouns

• Example: The dog is barking loudly.
• Example: The car is parked outside.

2. With Singular Pronouns (He, She, It)

• Example: He is studying for his exam.
• Example: It is raining outside.

3. With Collective Nouns (singular in meaning)

Collective nouns refer to groups of people or things considered as a single unit. For example:

• Example: The team is winning the game.
• Example: The group is discussing the plan.

4. With Non-Countable Nouns

Non-countable nouns (like water, air, information) are considered singular and take “is”:

• Example: The information is useful.
• Example: The water is cold.

When to Use “Are”

“Are” is used when the subject is plural. It can be used with multiple nouns or pronouns, indicating more than one subject.

1. With Plural Nouns

• Example: The dogs are barking loudly.
• Example: The cars are parked outside.

2. With Plural Pronouns (They, We, You)

• Example: They are studying for their exams.
• Example: We are going to the beach.
• Example: You are always on time.

3. With Collective Nouns (plural in meaning)

Some collective nouns refer to groups of people or things acting as individuals. When the group is considered plural, use “are.”

• Example: The team are arguing among themselves.
• Example: The group are making their own decisions.

4. With Non-Countable Nouns in Certain Contexts

Non-countable nouns can also be pluralized when you’re referring to various types or categories of them:

• Example: The waters are calm today. (Referring to multiple bodies of water)
• Example: The air in the cities are polluted. (When comparing different types of air in various cities)

Common Mistakes with “Is” and “Are”

Even though the rules are clear, there are some common mistakes people make when using “is” and “are.” Here are a few of the most frequent issues:

1. Incorrect Subject-Verb Agreement

• Incorrect: The cats is playing outside.
• Correct: The cats are playing outside.

The subject (“cats”) is plural, so “are” is needed.

2. Using “Is” with Plural Nouns

• Incorrect: The dogs is barking.
• Correct: The dogs are barking.

“Dogs” is plural, so “are” should be used instead of “is.”

3. Using “Are” with Singular Subjects

• Incorrect: She are going to the store.
• Correct: She is going to the store.

“She” is singular, so “is” should be used.

Special Cases: When to Use “Is” or “Are” with Indefinite Pronouns

Some indefinite pronouns can be tricky because they seem like they should be plural but are treated as singular. Here’s a quick guide:

• Singular Indefinite Pronouns (each, everyone, anybody, anything, someone, nobody, etc.) take “is”:
  • Example: Everyone is invited to the party.
  • Example: Nobody is here yet.
• Plural Indefinite Pronouns (both, few, many, several, etc.) take “are”:
  • Example: Both are coming to the event.
  • Example: Many are expected to attend.

“Is” vs “Are” in Questions and Negative Sentences

In questions and negative sentences, “is” and “are” follow the same basic rules, but their position changes:

1. Questions with “Is”

• Example: Is she going to the party?
• Example: Is the dog hungry?

2. Questions with “Are”

• Example: Are they coming to the meeting?
• Example: Are the children asleep?

3. Negative Sentences with “Is”

• Example: She is not going to the party.
• Example: The dog is not hungry.

4. Negative Sentences with “Are”

• Example: They are not coming to the meeting.
• Example: The children are not asleep.

Conclusion

Understanding when to use “is” vs. “are” is a key part of mastering English grammar. Remember, “is” is used with singular subjects, while “are” is used with plural subjects. Once you get the hang of this basic rule, you’ll notice a significant improvement in the accuracy and clarity of your writing.

Keep in mind the exceptions, like singular indefinite pronouns and collective nouns, and make sure you match the verb correctly to the subject. By practicing these concepts, you’ll be able to confidently use “is” and “are” in all your sentences.

Written by ChatGPT